Full or Partial Dentures

According to the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), 3.75% of adults 20 to 64 in the United States are completely edentulous. For the overall population in this age group, the average number of remaining teeth is 24.92 out of a total of 32 permanent teeth.

One of the ways to replace missing teeth to restore oral function and appearance is with dentures. Depending upon the needs of a case, dentures can be used to replace either a few teeth that have been lost or all of the teeth in the upper or lower jaws. In addition to reestablishing the look of a complete and natural smile, dentures also restore support to the natural contours of the face to eliminate the “sunken” appearance that results from losing multiple teeth. Whether teeth have been lost for reasons of tooth decay, gum disease, a medical condition, congenital anomaly, or trauma, dentures are an effective method of care.

Dentures are removable appliances that are designed to precisely and comfortably rest on top of the gums that cover the jawbones. They can be taken out of the mouth for brief periods of time to fulfill the oral hygiene requirements of maintaining the underlying tissues, cleaning the dentures, and sleeping.

Types of Dentures

The two main types of dentures are: full dentures and partial dentures. Both types are custom fabricated based on the exact specifications obtained from dental impressions and detailed functional as well as esthetic information provided by the dentist.

Full Dentures

Full dentures, which can also be referred to as, “complete dentures,” are designed to replace all of the upper or lower teeth. A complete maxillary denture, more commonly known as a, full upper denture, typically consists of a base that covers the roof of the mouth with a full complement of artificial teeth set around the section covering the dental arch. On the other hand, a complete mandibular denture, or full lower denture, is designed to accommodate the tongue and is horseshoe shaped with teeth set along the portion that covers the underlying dental arch.

  • Conventional Full Denture - A conventional full denture is fabricated and placed after all of the remaining teeth have been removed and the tissue is healed. It takes several weeks for extraction sites to heal and for all of the surrounding bone and gum tissues to fill in and remodel. By allowing this process to reach completion before taking the final impressions for a new denture, the most precise and comfortable fitting prosthesis can be fabricated.
  • Immediate Denture - An immediate denture is one that is inserted on the day the remaining teeth are removed. With this method of care, a patient does not have to be without teeth while waiting for complete healing of the extraction sites. Immediate dentures offer the distinct cosmetic advantage of not having to be without teeth. However, since the healing of the extraction sites is occurring while wearing the denture, a reline or new denture may be required later for improved comfort and fit.
  • Overdenture - An overdenture is a type of complete denture that receives added stability and support from special attachments that are secured to the remaining underlying teeth or strategically placed dental implants.

Partial Dentures

A partial denture is a type of removable prosthesis that is designed to restore a complete and functional smile in cases where multiple teeth are missing or require extractions, while some healthy teeth remain in the dental arch. Custom fabricated for a precise fit and cosmetically pleasing appearance, partial dentures are typically secured and stabilized with clasps or precision attachments to select teeth adjacent to the edentulous areas. Depending upon the number of teeth being replaced as well as the functional and aesthetic requirements of the case, a partial denture can be fabricated from a combination of cast metal and acrylic materials, acrylic alone, or thermoplastic resins such as ValplastTM, Flexite®, Duroflex® and tcs®.

Frequently Asked Questions

What's the best way to replace missing teeth?

+

Today, it’s easier than ever to replace missing teeth and achieve natural-looking, durable, and long-lasting results! Depending on a patient’s dental needs, lifestyle, expectations of care, and budget, choices can include conventional fixed bridgework, dental implants, or removable partial and complete dentures. At the office of Mercer Island Dental Associates, we’ll discuss all your options in care and answer all your questions as you choose the solution that’s right for you.

Do dentures provide natural-looking results?

+

With advances in dental materials and technology, today’s dentures are more comfortable and realistic-looking than ever before.

Do I still have to see a dentist if I wear dentures?

+

Whether you wear partial or complete dentures, it’s essential to see the dentist for routine care. Besides checking the fit and condition of your dentures and making any necessary adjustments, you’ll also receive a comprehensive exam to check on the health of any remaining teeth as well as the soft and hard tissues in and around the oral cavity.

What's a same-day denture?

+

A same-day denture offers an accelerated design and fabrication process that allows a patient to go from impression taking to denture insertion in a single day.

What is the main benefit of an immediate denture?

+

For patients who don’t want to wait after having teeth extracted, an immediate denture can be inserted the same day your teeth are removed. Sometime later you may need the denture relined to address any changes in its fit once the extraction sites have completely healed.

What if I break my denture?

+

While no one wants to drop or break a partial or complete denture, accidents do happen. The good news is that in some cases, your partial or complete denture is reparable. It all depends on the extent of the damage. Don’t hesitate to contact our office if you’ve broken or damaged your denture. We’re happy to help.

What if the clasps on my partial have loosened?

+

The simple act of taking your partial denture in and out can cause certain types of metal clasps to loosen over time. When you come in for your checkup visit or contact our office for an adjustment, we’ll assess the fit of your partial and tighten the clasps for improved stability and comfort.

How much do partial or complete dentures cost?

+

While rebuilding a complete smile is a worthwhile investment, our office is sensitive to the costs involved in dental care. We customize care and will discuss which treatment options address your needs, lifestyle, and budget. How much a new denture will cost depends on the type of the prosthesis, its design, and the materials used to fabricate the supportive base, teeth, and clasps or precision attachments. Dentures that include the placement of dental implants for added retention and stability typically involve additional costs.

Does dental insurance cover the cost of dentures?

+

If you have dental insurance, your coverage may include a new or replacement set of dentures.  Our staff is happy to review your coverage with you to ensure you are maximizing your insurance benefits while minimizing any out of pocket expenses.

Why choose the office of Mercer Island Dental Associates?

+

At the office of Mercer Island Dental Associates, we provide an extensive range of dental services, including the latest and most effective methods to help patients with missing teeth rebuild complete and beautiful smiles. As skilled and experienced professionals, we recognize that every patient is different, and every smile is unique. We’re passionate about what we do and take great pride in providing personalized treatment plans while treating our patients as valued partners in care.

What are dentures and how do they restore oral function?

+

Dentures are removable prosthetic appliances that replace missing teeth and the supporting gum and ridge structures. They consist of artificial teeth set in a base that is shaped to fit the contours of the mouth and to distribute chewing forces evenly. Modern denture materials and tooth designs are intended to restore biting efficiency and a natural appearance.

By recreating tooth contact and arch form, dentures help improve chewing, speech clarity and overall oral function. They also provide support for the lips and cheeks, which helps maintain facial proportions that can change after tooth loss. Because they are removable, dentures make daily hygiene accessible and allow clinicians to adjust fit as tissues remodel.

What types of dentures are available and how do I know which is right for me?

+

There are several common denture styles, including complete (full) dentures that replace an entire arch, partial dentures that fill one or more gaps while relying on remaining teeth for support, and overdentures that fit over retained roots or implant attachments. Immediate dentures are placed at the time of extractions so the patient never goes without teeth, while conventional dentures are made after tissues have healed. Implant-supported dentures use dental implants as anchors to increase retention and chewing ability.

Choosing the right style depends on the condition of the remaining teeth, the volume and shape of the jawbone, medical considerations and personal preferences regarding maintenance and stability. A thorough clinical evaluation and discussion of daily habits and goals will guide the selection. Your dental team will outline the functional and aesthetic tradeoffs so you can make an informed decision.

How are dentures made and fitted?

+

The denture process begins with a comprehensive diagnostic exam that may include visual assessment, digital imaging or radiographs and impressions to map the gums and jaw. These records allow the clinician and laboratory to design a base and tooth arrangement that fit the unique anatomy of the mouth and establish a comfortable bite relationship. In many cases clinicians use try-in stages to confirm tooth position, color and occlusion before final processing.

Fabrication involves close communication with a dental laboratory where technicians craft the base and set the teeth to match the agreed design. After the final denture is delivered, clinicians perform adjustments to relieve pressure points and to refine fit and function. Follow-up visits are important to monitor tissue response and to schedule relines or repairs as needed.

What should I expect during the adjustment period with new dentures?

+

Adapting to new dentures typically takes days to weeks as the tongue, lips and cheeks learn new tooth positions and as soft tissues acclimate to the appliance. Early experiences often include minor sore spots, a temporary increase in saliva production and slight changes in speech. Practicing speaking aloud, starting with softer foods and following care instructions will help speed the adjustment.

Minor pressure areas are common and should be evaluated promptly so targeted adjustments can improve comfort. Over time patients usually regain clear speech and more efficient chewing as they practice and the tissues stabilize. Regular follow-up appointments allow the clinician to make relief adjustments or to discuss additional retention options if stability remains a concern.

How do I care for and clean my dentures?

+

Rinse dentures after eating to remove loose debris and brush them daily using a brush designed for prosthetics and a nonabrasive cleanser to reduce staining and bacterial buildup. Avoid using regular toothpaste on denture surfaces, as many formulations are too abrasive and can wear the resin. When not wearing them, store dentures in water or a recommended soaking solution to prevent warping and microbial growth.

Continue to care for any remaining natural teeth and the gums beneath the denture by brushing and flossing as appropriate and by attending routine dental exams. Handle dentures carefully to avoid drops and damage when cleaning or removing them. Regular professional checkups let the clinician assess fit and tissue health and schedule relines or repairs as needed.

Can dentures be supported by implants and what are the benefits?

+

Yes, dentures can be stabilized by dental implants, which act as secure anchors for a removable or fixed prosthesis. Implant attachments improve retention, reduce movement during chewing and speech, and often increase patient comfort and confidence compared with conventional dentures alone. In many cases implant-supported dentures also allow for stronger biting forces and a wider variety of foods.

Implant-supported solutions may help preserve jawbone by transferring functional forces into the bone and reducing the rate of resorption. Not all patients are candidates for implants, so a complete evaluation of bone volume, medical history and oral health is required. When appropriate, implant planning is coordinated with specialists to create a predictable restorative outcome.

How long do dentures last and when should they be relined or replaced?

+

The functional lifespan of dentures varies with materials, oral conditions and how well they are maintained, but wear and changes in the jawbone typically make relines or replacements necessary over time. Relines restore intimate fit by reshaping the tissue surface of the denture to match remodeling gums and ridge contours. Routine evaluations let clinicians identify when a reline, repair or full replacement will best restore comfort and function.

Factors that influence longevity include changes in body weight, ongoing bone resorption, wear of denture teeth and any alterations in surrounding teeth or soft tissues. Immediate or short-term relines may be needed following extractions or surgeries, while longer-term planning anticipates periodic maintenance. Staying current with follow-up care helps maximize the useful life of the prosthesis.

Will dentures affect my speech and eating permanently?

+

Dentures can change the way the mouth feels and functions initially, but most people adapt and regain clear speech and effective chewing with time and practice. Early speech differences usually improve as patients read aloud, repeat challenging sounds and allow the tongue to learn new positions relative to the prosthetic teeth. Starting with softer foods and cutting items into smaller pieces helps rebuild confidence while chewing skills improve.

Long-term effects depend on denture stability and fit; poorly fitting appliances can continue to affect speech and eating, so timely adjustments or retention enhancements are important. Implant-retained options often provide improved stability and can reduce functional limitations for some patients. Regular follow-up ensures ongoing comfort and permits modifications if difficulties persist.

How does tooth loss affect oral health and how do dentures help?

+

Tooth loss alters chewing patterns, can make speech less clear and allows neighboring teeth to shift, which may compromise bite relationships and overall oral health. When tooth roots are absent, the jawbone receives less stimulation and bone resorption can occur, gradually changing facial support and ridge shape. These functional and anatomical changes can affect nutrition, comfort and the appearance of the lower face over time.

Appropriate denture therapy restores missing teeth and arch form to improve chewing, speech and facial support, helping patients maintain a varied diet and more natural appearance. While conventional dentures restore surface form and function, options that preserve bone stimulation, such as overdentures or implant-supported prostheses, can be considered when long-term bone preservation is a priority. A dental evaluation will identify the restorative approach that best addresses both immediate needs and longer-term oral health goals.

What should I look for when choosing a dental practice for denture care?

+

Look for a practice that performs a thorough diagnostic workup, including a careful oral exam, appropriate imaging and clear communication about treatment steps and expected outcomes. Experience in denture planning, access to skilled dental laboratory partners and a willingness to provide trial fittings and follow-up care are important indicators of a reliable restorative program. Good patient education and clear aftercare instructions help ensure a successful transition to new prosthetics.

Choose a team that collaborates with specialists when cases require extractions, implants or surgical planning and that schedules timely postdelivery visits to refine fit and function. Mercer Island Dental Associates emphasizes personalized planning and laboratory coordination to create restorations that balance comfort and aesthetics. Prioritizing continuity of care and practical follow-up helps patients achieve lasting results and predictable maintenance.